Multiple Choice two points each

1. The permanent loss of a species from the biosphere is called; (A) extinction, (B) extirpation,( C) endemic restriction, (D) none of these.
2. The main reason secondary succession occurs faster than primary succession because; (A) the plants grow faster, (B) there is a different climate,( C) soil is already present, (D) there are more animals present.
3. The lacunae in bay plants provide; (A) gas exchange (B) support (C) additional photosynthesis (D) reduction in salt concentrations
4. Which is the correct order of plant communities during primary succession? (A) lichens, mosses, grasses, shrubs, trees, (B) grasses, shrubs, lichens, mosses, trees, (C) mosses, trees, shrubs, lichens, grasses, (D) mosses, grasses, lichens, trees, shrubs.
5. A body of water open to the sea, but with a large input of fresh water from the land is called; (A) lake, (B) estuary, ( C) tidal marsh, (D) dead sea.
6. The plant community in the Chesapeake Bay most responsible for the overall survival of the other plants and animals in the bay, as indicated by the effects of its decline on the overall productivity of the bay is; (A) phytoplankton, (B) submerged aquatics or bay grasses, ( C) the marshes, (D) gymnosperms.
7. Permafrost, shallow root systems, subzero temperatures and long winters are characteristic of the; (A) coniferous forest, (B) taiga, ( C) chaparral, (D) tundra.
8. The relatively stable community at the end of succession is called; (A) forest, (B) grassland, ( C) climax community, (D) ecosystem.
9. Ozone in the upper atmosphere is good because it, (A) traps heat, (B) helps photosynthesis, ( C) increases solar radiation, (D) blocks much UV radiation, (E) detoxifies ChloroFluoroCarbons.
10. When looking at biomes, altitude almost has the same effect as; (A)temperature, (B) large plant size, ( C) latitude, (D) rainfall.
11. Presently the major cause for the loss of biodiversity is, (A) mutation, (B) deep impact by meteorites, ( C) habitat destruction, (D) biotechnology.
12. People in southern California are frequently having their houses burned by fires because they are living in the; (A) Sonoran Desert, (B) temperate deciduous forest, ( C) chaparral, (D) tropical rain forest.
13. Chlorofluorocarbons once thought to be a miracle chemical are now causing a serious environmental situation. What is the problem caused by these chemicals; (A) pollution of runoff water from agricultural land, (B) increasing the rate of salinization of farmland, ( C) destruction of the Ozone layer, (D) Responsible for Phiesteria outbreaks in the rivers feeding the Chesapeake Bay.
14. What exactly is the “Greenhouse effect” we hear so much about. (A) A physical disorder incurred by people working too long in greenhouses, ( B) Increased heating of the surface of the earth by the sun because the heat cannot escape into the atmosphere, ( C) Increased incidence of skin cancer in people who spend too much time in the sun, (D) There is no such thing as a greenhouse effect.
15. Presently what is the major source of increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. (A) burning of fossil fuels, (B) excessive photosynthesis by plants, ( C) People are exercising too much, and breathing too hard, (D) Respiration by plants and animals overpopulating the earth.
16. If the CO2, Ozone, and CFCs were not in our atmosphere, the temperature on the surface of the earth would be (A) warmer, (B) colder, ( C) about the same.
17. The term biome is used to describe; (A) worldwide distribution of crop growing areas, (B) worldwide groupings of ecosystems, ( C) worldwide groupings of animal populations, (D) Worldwide groupings of estuaries.
18. The advantages of modern gene manipulation approaches in transferring genes from one organism to another is; (A) there is no restriction on where the genes come from thereby expanding the pool of genetic diversity, (B) Animal genes can be introduced into plants, and plant genes into animals, ( C) It is faster than conventional plant or animal improvement approaches, (D) It really isn’t that useful.
19. The normal function of a bacterial restriction enzyme is to: (A) restrict the amount of sugar produced in each cell, (B) restrict the rate of growth of the bacterial population, ( C) restrict the number of bacteria growing in a specific area, (D) prevent bacteria of one species from mating with bacteria of another species.
20. Crop rotation with a leguminous crop and then plowing the crop into the soil as a green manure can help reduce the use of; (A) water, (B) herbicides, ( C) fungicides, (D) fertilizer.
21. The biome with the greatest species diversity is the; (A) temperate deciduous forest, (B) northern coniferous forest, ( C) tundra, (D) tropical rain forest.
22. The native prairies of North America are part of this biome; (A) temperate deciduous forest, (B) tundra, ( C) grasslands, (D) savannas.
23. Hardwood trees such as oak, maple and Hickory are vegetational types of the; (A) tropical rain forest, (B) eastern deciduous forest, ( C) coniferous forest, (D) taiga.
24. All energy for our entire biosphere is ultimately derived from; (A) the sun, (B) photosynthesis, ( C) respiration, (D) ATP.
25. What trees dominate the Boreal forest; (A) maple and oak, (B) redwood and Douglas fir, (C) hemlock and dogwood, (D) spruce and fir.
26. The change in vegetation over time from one type of community to another type is called; (A) progression, (B) evolution, (C) dispersion, (D) succession.
27. All of the populations of different species that occupy and are adapted to a given geographical area are referred to as; (A) biosphere, (B) community, (C) ecosystem, (D) ecosphere.
28. Salinization (high salt content) in agricultural soils is the result of excessive; (A) plowing, (B) irrigation, (C) erosion, (D) desertification.
29. The term “ecology” may best be defined as; (A) the study of homes, (B) the study of the relationships between living creature where they live, (C) the study of nature, (D) the study of conservation.
30. The main event that initiates secondary succession is; (A) new seeds blow into a field, (B) disturbance such as a forest fire, (C) the action of lichens and mosses, (D) the application of insecticides.
31. A plasmid is a : (A) chloroplast, (B) colorless chloroplast, (C) circular DNA molecule, (D) organelle that synthesizes proteins.
32. If deserts are defined as areas that receive less than 25 cm of precipitation per year, could the arctic tundra be considered a cold desert? (A) yes, (B) no.
33. Which of the following is a pollutant in one part of the atmosphere and a normal component in another part of the atmosphere; (A) ozone, (B) methane, (C) carbon dioxide, (D) nitrogen.
34. Ozone absorbs; (A) ultraviolet light, (B) infrared light, (C) visible light, (D) oxygen, (E) no form of light.
35. What would be a consequence of decreasing the ozone layer; (A) healthier plant growth, (B) cooler earth temperatures, (C) an increase in skin cancer, (D) fewer health problems.
36. Soils in the tropical rain forest are of very poor quality because; (A) rains are too infrequent (B) there are too few decomposers (C) the temperatures are too cool (D) all the nutrients in the ecosystem are tied up in the plants.
37. The molecule in CFCs that is most significant for its interaction with ozone in the atmosphere is (A) carbon, (B) fluorine, (C) chlorine, (D) hydrogen.
38. The extinction of the dinosaurs is considered to be part of; (A) mass extinction, (B) background extinction, (C) declining evolution, (D) cataclysmic evolution.
39. What effect will deforestation of the tropical rain forest have on the climate in that area; (A) no effect (B) rainfall will be increased even more, (C) rainfall will be reduced and the area will become a desert (D) it will become much colder.
40. The innermost (lowest) layer of the atmosphere is called; (A) the stratosphere, (B) the troposphere, (C) the ionosphere, (D) the thermosphere.
41. The distribution of biomes on the planet is largely controlled by; (A) only temperature (B) only precipitation (C) both A and B (D) neither A or B.
42. The greatest genetic diversity is found in; (A) domesticated plants, (B) wild relatives of domesticated plants, (C) laboratory strains of these plants.
43. A person who gets enough calories but not enough of certain specific nutrients is said to be; (A) undernourished, (B) malnourished, (C) overnourished, (D) starving.
44. The proven best way to slow the rapid birth rate in developing countries is to; (A) increase the food supply, (B) raise the standard of living, (C) change agricultural methods, (D) get them to eat lower on the food chain.
45. The term that describes the actual number of individuals a system can support with adequate nutrition is; (A) Nutritional equivalent, (B) Nutritional capacity, (C) Calorie equivalent, (D) Carrying capacity.
46. According to the video on the Chesapeake Bay, which single factor is responsible for the massive loss of the bay grasses in the bay; (A) excessive use of the herbicide atrazine on farmland, (B) excessive fertilizer use on farmland followed by its runoff into the bay, (C) increased salinity in the bay, (D) Excessive harvesting of crabs by cutting off the bay grass.
47. Integrated Pest Management uses chemical pesticides; (A) never (B) always (C) very carefully (D) none of the above.
48. A DNA sequence which is the same in opposite directions on the two strands of the molecule is called; (A) redundant, (B) palindrome, (C) repeated, (D) recurrent.
49. The small circular bits of DNA in bacteria that have been used as vectors to introduce foreign genes into plants are called: (A) genomes, (B) plasmids, (C) callus, (D) chromosomes.
50. What do we call a plant that contains genes from another organism? (A) callus, (B) restriction product, (C) transgenic plant, (D) epigenetic progeny