Lecture #12- Pollination p. 79-83, A closer look 9.3

1. Pollination- transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
   1. Sexual Reproduction and Evolution-responsible for genetic variability.
   2. Cross pollination required to produce this variation.
2. Pollinators and Mechanisms to insure cross pollination
   1. Bees-seek nectar as food, guided by smell/color
   2. Butterflies- sight and smell
   3. Moths- night/odor
   4. Flies-smell, rotting flesh
   5. Birds- red color
   6. Beetles- Odor/ no color
   7. Mammals-bats/rodents night-odor
   8. Wind- flowers small, pollen light
3. Why do animals pollinate flowers
   1. Rewards
      1. Nectar- sugar
      2. Pollen- protein
      3. Attempts at mating
   2. Mechanisms to attract pollinators
      1. Color
      2. Nectar guides-visual
      3. Aroma
      4. Micry
   3. Coevolution
      1. Plant pollinator interaction