I. Cell Structure

1. Cell Wall
   1. Cellulose
2. Cell Membrane-Plasma Membrane
   1. Phospholipid-Lipid/Protein sheet or film
   2. gatekeeper- selective
3. Inside the cell
   1. Cytosol- fluid part- cytoplasm Organelles- sub compartments w/in
      1. Nucleus-Genetic material, DNA, chromosomes
      2. Mitochondria- Aerobic respiration-burn sugar & produce energy
      3. Chloroplast- photosynthesis, grana/stroma
      4. Vacuole- tonoplast, storage dump, large
      5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Protein synthesis, ribosomes
      6. Golgi apparatus-Secretion (pathway out) produces membranes

II. Types of Cells

1. Prokaryotes- lack nucleus, internal membranes, organelles=bacteria
2. Eukaryotes- nucleus, membranes, organelles

III. What are cells made from, Chemically-Organic Molecules C O H

1. Lipids
   1. Fat- solid at room temp-animal
   2. oil- liquid at room temp-plant
   3. Role
      1. Food-Energy wax, hormones, pigments, vitamins
   4. Energy storage-- glycerol + fatty acids (mono, di, tri)
2. Carbohydrates- Most abundant- release energy when broken down
   1. Energy storage- sugar, starch, glycogen
   2. Structure- Cell wall
   3. Sugars- mono, di, polysaccharides
3. Nucleic Acids- Genetic material DNA, RNA
   1. base, sugar, phosphate=nucleotide (poly)
   2. ATP-
4. Proteins C O H + N
   1. basic building blocks of cells (membranes, hair, tendons)
   2. enzymes-catalyze all chemical reactions in cells
   3. composed of amino acids. (20)