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BSCI 440; Spring 2002                                                   Section #:  ___________________
The Finale
Drs. Perrino & Higgins                                    TA Name: ___________________________
DIRECTIONS
1. Please PRINT your name on each page of examination immediately!!!!  NOW!!
2. You absolutely must confine your answers to the spaces provided.  Do not wander off onto the back of a page, the margins around some other question, or such foolishness.
3. Your handwriting (printing) must be legible.
4. TEAR OFF THE LAST (DATA) PAGE OF THE EXAM.
5. When you have completed the examination, sign the honor statement below, and place the exam in the correct envelope at the front of the room.

                      SCOREBOARD
QUESTION  POINT VALUE      VISITOR’S POINTS
 1.                            27               __________________

 2.                            30               __________________

 3.                            35               __________________

 4.                            40               __________________

 5.                            08               __________________

 6.                            12              __________________

 7.                            16              __________________

 8.                            36              __________________

TOTAL POINTS   204               _______________

I certify that I neither sought, received, nor gave any unauthorized information while taking this examination.

_____________________________________ ________________
Signature                                                                        Date
 

 
#1. Use the data on the last page to answer the following.  You must have the correct sign!
 
a. What is the EXACT value of Vm?
a._______________
b. What is the EWm+ ?
b._______________
c. List TWO changes in conductance that would result in a measurable membrane depolarization:
c._______________
d. List TWO changes in conductance that would result in measurable membrane hyperpolarization:
d._______________
e. List ONE change in extracellular [ion] that would yield a measurable depolarization
e._______________
f. List ONE change in extracellular [ion] that would yield a measurable hyperpolarization
f._______________
g. At the Vm you indicated above, in which direction will Ps- diffuse?
g._______________
 
 
#2. Use the data on the last page to answer each of the following.  You must have the correct units !!!!
 
a. What is the blood volume of this individual? _____________________
b. What is the GFR? _____________________
c. What is the Renal Blood Flow? _____________________
d. Name one substance that is filtered and secreted? _____________________
e. How much of this substance is secreted/min? _____________________
f. How much of substance S appears in the urine/minute? _____________________
g. How much of substance W appears in the filtrate/minute? _____________________
h. Which substance is reabsorbed? _____________________
i. How much is reabsorbed/min? _____________________
j. What is the subject’s cardiac output? _____________________
k. What is the subject’s alveolar ventilation rate? _____________________
l. What is the E of inulin in this subject? _____________________
m . Notice a problem related to the plasma pH ? What is the name of this condition? _____________________
n. What % of plasma substance T appears in the filtrate in Bowman’s Capsule? _____________________
o. How much water is reabsorbed/min? _____________________
 

#3. Consider the responses of the following tissues to the drugs listed.  Predict the effect of each agent with a "+" for excitation, a "-" for inhibition, and a "0" for no effect.  If the drug has an effect, indicate the receptor that generates the indicated response (use an abbreviation, e.g., M for muscarinic, N for nicotinic, etc.).
 
DRUG Ileum Blood vessel to skeletal muscle Heart Lung airways pupil
ACh ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
Nicotine ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
Isoproterenol ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
Epinephrine ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
NE (LOW dose) ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
Histamine ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
Propranolol then Epi ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

#4. As you are leaving an “establishment” in Georgetown the evening following the Mam Phys exam, you suddenly become aware of several large fellows following closely behind you. They make a sudden and concerted move toward you at which point you begin to run as fast as you can, despite the exhaustion from several straight days of studying. Shortly thereafter what happens to the following? (40)

TPR _______

Explain the change in TPR.
 
 
 

VR _______;  CO _______; SV _______; SBP _______; PP  ______;
 

If channel permeability  ______

Explain the change in If channel permeabilty .
 
 

blood flow in pulmonary vessels _______;  phrenic nerve activity _______
 
 

MAP _______

Explain the change in MAP.
 
 
 
 
 
 

The would-be muggers continue the chase and you now find yourself a bit “out of breath”. What is happening to
 

pCO2 _______;  Hb’s O2 p50 _______;  bronchiole diameter _______;

[Cl-] in rbc’s ______
 

#5. In the space provided, draw 2 curves  (on the same axes) illustrating the primary & secondary immune response in order to demonstrate why primary exposure to an antigen is important in the humoral portion of immune response. Note, do not explain, just draw! (8)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

#6.  You have managed to create an AG II receptor (in all possible locations!!!) antagonist that binds with very high affinity. Explain the effect that injection of this agent would have on blood volume & MAP. (12)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Considering the high affinity of the AG II antagonist, several hours to days later, what has happened to the following? (6)

Kidney tubular fluid flow ______;  ACE  activity ______;   plasma ANP ______

# 7. On the axes below  draw the curve representing metabolic alkalosis.   Label it as MA.
What would be the corrective mechanism employed by the body to correct this condition?

_____________________________________________________________________
 

Now draw the curve representing respiratory acidosis. Label it as RA.
What would be the corrective mechanism employed by the body to correct this condition?

____________________________________________________________________


 
#8. Now let's finish up with some INCREASE ( I  ), DECREASE ( D ), or NO CHANGE ( NoC ) questions:  (1 pt each)
 
a. As saliva flows down the salivary duct, saliva [Na+] a._________
b. As afferent arteriole diameter decreases, GFR b._________
c. As saliva flows down the salivary duct, saliva pH c._________
d. As intestinal chyme fat content increases, the rate of gastric emptying d._________
e. As intestinal fat content increases, plasma [cck]  e._________
f. As efferent vagal nerve stimulation increases, gastric fluid pH f._________
g. As gastric chyme peptide content increases, plasma gastrin g._________
h. As intestinal trypsin activity increases, intestinal chymotrypsinogen levels h._________
i. As the duodenal fluid pH decreases, the rate of gastric emptying i._________
j. As respiration increases above normal, the rate of renal H+  secretion j._________
k. As duodenal chyme fat content increases, bile flow k._________
l. As plasma [ADH] increases, plasma volume will l._________
m. As plasma secretin levels increases, duodenal fluid pH m._________
n. As Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure increases, GFR n._________
o. As fluid flows through the PCT, tubular fluid inulin concentration o._________
p. As plasma GIP levels increase, gastic secretion p._________
q. As DCT [Na+] decreases below normal levels, TPR q._________
r. As plasma secretin levels increase, the rate of hydrelatic secretion r._________
s. As plasma glucose levels increase above 200mg/100 mls, tubular glucose reabsorption s._________
t. As extracellular [K+] increases, the absolute value or magnitude of the Vm t._________
u. As membrane GCa++ increases, the absolute value or magnitude of Vm u._________
v. As CO2 increases in blood and interstitial fluid, systemic arteriole diameter v._________
w. As EPO increases for a prolonged period of time, systemic blood flow w._________
x. Shortly after allergens binds to IgE’s, neighboring blood vessel diameter x._________
y. Soon after collagen from damaged blood vessels is exposed, levels of prothrombin y._________
z. During the onset of inspiration IPP z._________
aa. If pCO2 increases to 45 mm Hg, respiration rate aa._________
ab. As the vagus nerve is stimulated, distance between QRS complexes on an ECG ab._________
ac. As plasma osmotic pressure increases, renal collecting duct water permeability ac._________
ad. If AV node firing rate decreases, distance between P waves and QRS complexes ad._________
ae. Soon after baroreceptor firing decreases, TPR will then ae._________
af. As TH-cells bind to MHC II, NK cell activity af._________
ag. As sympathetic efferent nerve activity increases, the rate of  gastric emptying ag._________
ah. As smooth muscle cell [Ca++ ] increases, MLCK activity ah._________
ai. As smooth muscle is stretched to 20% more than its original resting length, active tension ai._________
aj. As a male student’s testosterone increases, his probable success in love, life and BSCI 440 aj._________
 
 


DATA PAGE: Tear off this page and use it for calculations and creative  doodling.

QUESTION #1
 
Ion [Ion]in  mM [Ion]out mM Relative Permeability
Hi+ 15 145 0.10
Wm+ 140 4 1.0
Jo++ 0.1 1.8 0.0000001
Ps- 6 100 0.10

QUESTION #2
Dr. Harley Schmedlap, Jr., noted physiologist and part-time big game trapper has recently taken the following measurements from one of his recent acquisitions, a raccoon taken ill after eating out of the dining hall dumpsters.   Schmedlap injected 50mg of each of 4 substances, R, S, T, and W,  i.v. before gathering the following data.  Substance W did not appear in glomerular filtrate or renal tubular fluid; the other substances did appear there.
   
 
Substance PA (mg/100 ml plasma) PV (mg/100 ml plasma) U (mg/ml)
S 0.20 0.10 0.030
T 0.20 0.05 0.045
R 0.20 0.18 0.006
W  0.20 0.20 0

Rate of urine formation =  0.08 ml/min
FF = 0.24                  Hematocrit = 0.50

HR = 150 beats/min            End Systolic Vol = 11 ml              End Diastolic Vol = 30 ml

Respiratory Rate = 20 breaths/min               Tidal volume = 29.6 ml/breath

Volume of conducting respiratory structures (dead space) = 16 ml Plasma pH = 7.5
Plasma [HcO3-] = 19 mEq/L