-agonistPlease circle your recitation section #: I am registered for:
Section: MON TUES WED THURS FRI
2201 2204 2205 2208 2209
2202 2206
2203 2207
DIRECTIONS:
1. Please, please, please PRINT your name on each and every page of
this exam NOW!
2. You may use pen or pencil, but you absolutely must confine your
answers to the spaces provided. We will/can not hunt for random scribblings!
3. Read the last in this year's series of words to live by and begin:
“I don't suffer from insanity. I enjoy every minute of it.”
-Anon.
PAGE
Higgins Points
Visitor's Score
2
49
3
51
4
30
5
35
6 & 7
35
TOTALS
200 POINTS
#1. Just for grins and some easy points, let's do a membrane potential
problem:
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A. Approximate the Vm: _____________________mV
B. To approximate the Vm, you used which ion? _____________________
C. If the nerve cell membrane contains voltage-gated channels Ca++
that open at threshold,
what is the peak value in mV of the action potential?
___________________mV
D. What is the Equilibrium potential for Xa+? ___________________mV
E. Answer each of the following:
As P of Li+ increases, Vm will hyper-
or depolarize? __________________
As [Li+]Out increases, Vm will hyper- or depolarize? __________________
As [SO4=]In increases, Vm will hyper- or depolarize? __________________
At the Vm you found in A above, will SO4=
enter or leave the cell? __________________
At what Vm will Cl- not enter or leave the cell? _________________mV
2. In the space below, draw and label ALL features of the Sympathetic
nervous system:
3. Predict the actions of each agent on the parameters listed with (I)ncrease,
(D)ecrease, or NC:
| AGENT | HR | TPR | SV | CO | DP | SP |
| ACh | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ |
| EPI | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ |
| -agonist |
____ | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ |
| Histamine | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ | ____ |
4. For each response or action listed below, give the branch of the
efferent nervous system that caused it (Para, Symp, or Somatic), the neurotransmitter(s)
released, and the receptors on the tissue (no ganglia, please) that
are activated:
| RESPONSE | N.S. | NTs | RECEPTORS |
| Increased blood flow
To skeletal muscle |
___________ | __________________ | __________________ |
| Dilated pupils | ___________ | __________________ | __________________ |
| Decreased intestinal
Activity |
___________ | __________________ | __________________ |
| Constricted Airways | ___________ | __________________ | __________________ |
| Diaphragm Contraction | ___________ | __________________ | __________________ |
| Decreased blood
Flow to gut |
___________ | __________________ | __________________ |
5. In the space allocated below, draw the BP trace that would result from the actions of the indicated drugs. Dr. K-I-A has provided a section of control, pre-treatment BP tracing.
ACh:
Norepinephrine:
Epinephrine:
6. You have accidentally injected a large dose of norepinephrine into your laboratory partner. Predict the effects of this injection on the following elements of her cardiovascular system.
a. DP
__________
b. SP
__________
c. baroreceptor sensory nerve activity
__________
d. Pressor area activity
__________
e. Depressor area activity
__________
f. Sympathetic cardiac nerve activity
__________
g. Efferent vagal nerve activity
__________
h. Afferent vagal nerve activity
__________
i. EDV
__________
j. ESV
__________
k. Phosphorylation of ventricular phospholamban __________
l. Ventricular muscle cell intracellular [Ca++]
__________
m. Ventricular muscle cell intracellular [cAMP ] __________
n. VR
__________
o. Length of ECG P wave to P wave intervals
__________
p. Ventricular dP/dt
__________
q. Blood flow to skeletal muscle
__________
r. TPR
__________
8. How about a few (I)ncrease, (D)ecrease, or No C
to finish up this semester?
| a. As a subject ages, arterial compliance | ______ |
| b. As blood flows from the capillaries into the veins, velocity of flow | ______ |
| c. As blood flows from the capillaries into the veins, blood pressure | ______ |
| d. As EDV increases, cardiac contractility | ______ |
| e. Immediately after the P wave of an ECG, atrial volume will | ______ |
| f. As HR decreases, diastolic BP | ______ |
| g. As SV increases, PP | ______ |
| h. As plasma [CO2] increases, afferent vagal nerve activity | ______ |
| i. As plasma [CO2] increases, hemoglobin’s P50 value | ______ |
| j. As plasma [ADH] decreases, blood volume | ______ |
| k. As atrial EDV increases, renal Na+ reabsorption | ______ |
| l. After the QRS complex of the ECG, aortic BP | ______ |
| m. As plasma [ANP] increases, blood volume | ______ |
| n. As histamine release increases during an attack of asthma, FEV1 | ______ |
| o. As renal tissue PO2 decreases, TPR will | ______ |
| p. As venous BP increases, systemic capillary reabsorption | ______ |
| q. As plasma [protein] decreases, interstitial fluid volume | ______ |
| r. As the P50 value of Hb increases, the amount of O2 carried at a PO2 of 45 mm Hg | ______ |
| s. As plasma osmotic pressure increases, GFR | ______ |
| t. As plasma osmotic pressure increases, collecting duct water permeability | ______ |
| u. As plasma [CO2] increases, medullary A pool neuron activity | ______ |
| v. As plasma [CO2] increases, RBC intracellular [Cl-] | ______ |
| w. As plasma [CO2] increases, % saturation of Hb with O2 | ______ |
| x. As Hb binds O2, plasma [HCO3-] | ______ |
| y. As plasma PO2 decreases, glomus cell GK+ | ______ |
| z. As plasma [bradykinin] increases, blood flow to salivary glands | ______ |
| aa. As the extraction ratio of a substance increases, the clearance of that substance | ______ |
| ab. As a whale submerges, its lung volume | ______ |
| ac. As smooth muscle cytosolic [Ca++] decreases, myosin light chain protein phosphatase activity | ______ |
| ad. As plasma [atropine] increases, salivary flow rates | ______ |
| ae. As plasma caffeine increases, renal tubule water reabsorption | ______ |
| af. As plasma pH increases, the P50 value of hemoglobin | ______ |
| ag. As efferent arteriole diameter decreases, GFR | ______ |
| ah. As saliva passes through the salivary ducts, saliva [K+] | ______ |
| ai. As alveolar ventilation rate increases, alveolar PCO2 | ______ |
| aj. As GFR decreases, renal Na+ reabsorption | ______ |
| ak. As plasma potassium increases, plasma aldosterone | ______ |
| al. As macula densa Na+ and Cl- levels increase, plasma renin levels will | ______ |
| am. As plasma PTH increases, plasma [Ca++] | ______ |
| an. As a male student's testosterone increases, his probable grade in this course | ______ |