You can download this exam in word doc here.

BSCI 440; Summer 2002
The Finale   W. J. Higgins

DIRECTIONS
1.     Please PRINT your name on each page of examination immediately!!!!  NOW!!
2.     You absolutely must confine your answers to the spaces provided.
        Do not wander off onto the back of a page, the margins around some
        other question, or such foolishness.
3.     Your handwriting (printing) must be legible.
4.     If you have completed the examination before the end of the period, sign the honor
        statement below, and place the exam on the desk at the front of the room.

SCOREBOARD

Question         Higgins Points           Your Score

#1.                         15                       ______________

#2.                         20                       ______________

#3.                         32                       ______________

#4.                         24                       ______________

#5.                         36                       ______________

#6.                         43                       ______________

#7.                        20                        ______________

#8.                        10                        ______________

#9.                        50                        ______________
 

Total                    250                         _____________
 
 

I certify that I neither sought nor gave any unauthorized information while taking this examination.

_____________________________________ ________________
 Signature                                                                      Date
__________________________________________________________________


#1. Please examine the following data and supply the requested information in the table and then answer the related questions that follow.
 
 
Ion                 [Ion]in mM       [Ion]out mM      EIon mV         Relative Permeability  
Wm+ 13 120 ________ 0.03
J+  110  6 ________ 1.0
H++ 0.001 1.8 ________  0.0000001
X- 5 100 ________ 0.10
                               

#1.
a.    Complete the data table above by supplying the E for each ion.

b.    Approximate the sign and value of the resting membrane potential?
                                                                              ____________mV

c.    What is the maximum, peak potential possible for an action potential
       carried on these neurons?                                ____________mV

d.    List two changes in membrane permeability that would result in depolarization:

              ________________________ and  _________________________

e.    List two changes in [Ion]out that would result in membrane hyperpolarization

              ________________________ and  _________________________

f.    List two changes in [Ion]out that would result in depolarization:

              ________________________ and  _________________________

g.    An increase in the conductance of which ion is likely to occur during the rising
       phase of an action potential?

              __________________________________________________
h.    An increase in the conductance of which ion is likely to occur during the repolarization
       phase of an action potential?

              _______________________________________________________
j.    If the Vm is equal to the value you gave for part a above, in which direction will X- diffuse?
 

              ______________________________________________
 
 

#2.  Now thank Tracy and then complete this table by listing ALL receptors found in the tissues listed:
 
TISSUE
ALL RECEPTORS IN THIS TISSUE
Intestines _____________________________________________
Heart  _____________________________________________
Blood vessels to skeletal muscles  _____________________________________________
Lung airways  _____________________________________________
Muscles constricting the pupil of the eye  _____________________________________________
Muscles dilating the pupil of the eye  _____________________________________________
Blood vessels to intestines  _____________________________________________
Sweat Glands _____________________________________________
Parasympathetic Presynaptic _____________________________________________
Nerve Terminal  _____________________________________________
Adrenal Medulla  _____________________________________________

 
 
 

#3.     For each of the following responses, indicate the branch of the nervous system (P)arasympathetic, (Sym)pathetic, or (So)matic), the neurotransmitter(s) released onto the effector organ/cell, the receptor acted upon, and whether this is an excitatory (E) or inhibitory response (I):
 
Response System NT Receptor E or I
Decreased BF to gut __________ __________ __________ __________
Increased BF to skeletal muscle __________ __________ __________ __________
Increased HR  __________ __________ __________ __________
Dilation of pupil  __________ __________ __________ __________
Contraction of diaphragm __________ __________ __________ __________
Increased sweat production __________ __________ __________ __________
Dilation of bronchiole __________ __________ __________ __________
Decreased intestinal contractions __________ __________ __________ __________

 #4.  Predict the actions of each of the following agents using up or I for increase or D for decrease and "NC" for no change.
 
Agent  HR SV TPR CO DP PP
ACh __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
Atropine + 
  ACh (high dose!)		 __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
Epi __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
Beta antag. + Epi __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
Alpha antag. + Epi __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
Digitalis __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
Histamine __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
Propranolol __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________
 

5. You have accidentally injected a large dose of norepinephrine into your laboratory partner.   Predict the effects of this injection on the following elements of her cardiovascular system with I, D, or NC.
 
a. DP  __________
b. SP __________
c. EDV  __________
d. baroreceptor sensory nerve activity  __________
e. Depressor area activity __________
f. Pressor area activity  __________
g. Efferent vagal nerve activity __________
h. Afferent vagal nerve activity __________
i. Sympathetic cardiac nerve activity __________
j. ESV __________
k. Phosphorylation of ventricular phospholamban __________
l. Ventricular muscle cell intracellular [Ca++] __________
m. Ventricular muscle cell intracellular [cAMP ] __________
n. VR __________
o. Length of ECG P wave to P wave intervals __________
p. Ventricular contractility  __________
q. Blood flow to skeletal muscle __________
r. TPR __________

      
6. An examination of Dr. Schmedlap’s blood work indicates a pH of 7.26, plasma [HCO3-] of 15 mEq/l, and a blood PO2  = 100 mm Hg.  Describe Schmedlap’s problem and the most immediate homeostatic mechanism that will act to correct it.  Please include all possible details and steps involved in the homeostatic mechanism!
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

7. Now poor Schmedlap is suffering from chronic, long term hypotension!   Use a flow chart, feedback loop diagram, or list to describe how each of following will act to correct this problem.  Be certain to begin each loop with the stimulus!

a. ANP
 
 
 
 
 
 

b. ADH
 
 
 
 
 

c. Angiotensin II
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

d. Aldosterone
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

8. Describe how an increase in PO2 can decrease the amount of CO2 in the blood.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

9. Why not a few increase (I) - decrease (D) - no change (NC) questions?
 
a. As extracellular potassium is increased, Vm (the absolute value)  a__________
b. As the load placed on an isotonically contracting muscle is decreased, the force generated b__________
c. As the load placed on an isotonically contracting muscle is increased, the velocity of shortening c__________
d. As the stimulus intensity is increased, the amplitude of the resulting graded potential d__________
e. As the stimulus intensity is decreased, the distance traveled by a 
 graded potential along a cell membrane		 e__________
f. As the sodium conductance is increased, the absolute value of Vm  f__________
g. As the radius of an unmyelinated axon increases, conduction velocity g__________
h. As the bath concentration of hexamethonium is increased, the response of the isolated ileum to a fixed dose of ACh h__________
i. As venous blood pressure is increased, capillary reabsorption i__________
j. As the plasma osmotic pressure increases due to higher [protein], interstitial fluid volume j__________
k. As nicotine is administered to your lab partner, his/her pupil  diameter will first k__________
l. As the partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere decreases, the P50 of hemoglobin l__________
m. As the pH of the plasma increases, the P50 of hemoglobin m__________
n. As the plasma [histamine] increases, capillary filtration n__________
o. As the efferent nerves in the vagus are stimulated, TPR o__________
p. As the afferent nerves in the vagus are stimulated, HR will p__________
q. As the afferent nerves in the vagus are stimulated, alveolar ventilation q__________
r. As BP decreases, pressor area activity r__________
s. As plasma histamine levels increase, VR s__________
t. As EDV increases, cardiac contractility t__________
u. As plasma CO2 levels rise, VR will soon u__________
v. Shortly  after the P wave of the ECG, ventricular volume v__________
w. As arterial compliance decreases, diastolic BP w__________
x. Relax, this one is a free bonus.  Just put N/A on the answer line. x__________
y. As levels of active factor X increases, plasma levels of thrombin y__________
z. As EDV decreases, SV z__________
aa. As stroke volume decreases, VR aa__________
ab. As venous pressure increases, VR ab__________
ac. As alveolar radius increases, surface tension ac__________
ad. As alveolar surfactant concentration decreases, lung compliance  ad__________
ae. As hyperthermia progresses, hemoglobin P50 ae__________
af. As alveolar radius increases, the total alveolar wall tension af__________
ag. In the lung, plasma [HCO3-] ag__________
ah. As lactic acid is added to the blood, plasma [CO2] ah__________
ai. As plasma PO2 decreases, plasma [erythropoeitin] ai__________
aj. As efferent arteriole diameter increases, GFR aj__________
ak. As DCT sodium levels decrease, systemic BP will soon ak__________
al. As blood flows through the peritubular capillaries, plasma [glucose] al__________
am. As plasma osmotic pressure decreases, CD water permeability am__________
an. As the extraction ratio of a substance increases, the clearance of that substance  an__________
ao. As plasma ADH levels increase, the osmotic pressure of the plasma ao__________
ap. As tubular fluid flows through the DCT, tubular fluid [K+] ap__________
aq. As inhalation proceeds, afferent vagal nerve activity aq__________
ar. As plasma aldosterone levels increases, tubular potassium secretion ar__________
as. As the partial pressure of CO2 is increased, the rate of O2 unloading in the systemic capillaries  as__________
at. As the plasma [PAH] increase above the Tmax, PAH excretion at__________
au. As plasma [glucose] increase above 200 mg/100 mls, renal glucose reabsorption  au__________
av. Under normal physiological conditions, as BP decreases, GFR av__________
aw. As metabolic alkalosis occurs, plasma [HCO3-] aw_________
ax. As a student's height increases above 5' 7.5", her/his probable grade in BSCI 440 ax__________