Table 1. Proposed nomenclature of V-ATPase subunit genes and proteins in plants^a
Subunit Function^b		Yeast reference^c		New name	Arabidopsis
		kDa	Gene	Gene or protein	kDa	Protein
V1 peripheral sector
A	Catalytic ATP-binding	69	VMA1	VHA-A	68	Peripheral
B	Noncatalytic ATP binding	60	VMA2	VHA-B	54	Peripheral
C	V1 stability, activity	42	VMA5	VHA-C	42	Peripheral
D	Central stalk, coupling [29]	32	VMA8	VHA-D	29	Peripheral
E	Peripheral or central stalk [22,24]	27	VMA4	VHA-E	26	Peripheral
F	Bridge V1-Vo contacts	14	VMA7	VHA-F	14	Peripheral
G	Coupling V1 and Vo	13	VMA10	VHA-G	12	Peripheral
H	Regulatory	54	VMA13	VHA-H	50	Peripheral
Vo membrane sector
a	Coupling, assembly [26]	95–101	VPH1/STV1^d	VHA-a	89–95	Integral, 6-7 TM
c	Proton translocation	16	VMA3	VHA-c	16	Integral, 4 TM
c'	Proton translocation	17	VMA11	–	ND	–
c”	Proteolipid similar to c	23	VMA16	VHA-c”	18	Integral, 5 TM
d	Vo assembly, stability	36	VMA6	VHA-d	40	Peripheral
e		–	ND	VHA-e	~8	Integral 2 TM
^aYeast gene names and subunits are listed for reference only. Suggested new name can be applied to any plant and animal V-ATPase. Arabidospsis thaliana genes would be denoted as AtVHA-x. ^bData from Refs [11,21]. ^cData from Ref.[11]. ^dVPH1 and STV1 are homologs of subunit a in yeast [21]. Abbreviations: ND, not detected. TM, Transmembrane domains.

Table 2. Most V1 subunits are encoded by a single gene in Arabidopsis
Subunit		Accession no.		DNA	Protein			MIPS	TAIR
name(s)^a	Gene no.	Locus	(Protein)	Exons	a.a.	MW	pI
A	1
VHA-A		At1g78900	(AAC83021)	20	623	68812	5.1	VHA-A	VHA-A
B	3
VHA-B1/At57 [16]		At1g76030	(AAC36485)	12	486	54107	5.0	VHA-B1	VHA-B1
VHA-B2		At4g38510	(CAB37507)	14	487	54305	5.0	VHA-B2	VHA-B2
VHA-B3		At1g20260	(AAF88162)	14	485	54250	5.1	VHA-B3	VHA-B3
C	1
VHA-C/Det3 [13]		At1g12840	(AAF78489)	11	375	42619	5.4	VHA-C	VHA-C
D	1
VHA-D/vatpD [17]		At3g58730	(CAB88290)	1	261	29059	9.5	VHA-D	VHA-D
E	3
VHA-E1		At4g11150	(AAC35545)	6	230	26060	6.0	VHA-E1	VHA-E1
VHA-E2		At3g08560	(AAG51352)	5	235	26853	9.2	VHA-E2	VHA-E2
VHA-E3		At1g64200	(AAF24559)	6	237	27085	5.8	VHA-E3	VHA-E3
F	1
VHA -F		At4g02620	(AAC78269)	4	128	14259	6.1	VHA-F	VHA-F
G	3
VHA-G1/Vag1 [19]		At3g01390	(AAF24609)	3	110	12397	5.8	VHA-G1	VHA-G1
VHA-G2/Vag2		At4g23710	(CAB81289)	3	106	11742	5.5	VHA-G2	VHA-G2
VHA-G3		At4g25950	(CAB39660)	3	108	12116	5.1	VHA-G3	VHA-G3
H	1
VHA-H		At3g42050	(CAB91576)	11	441	50285	6.6	VHA-H	VHA-H
^aPublished names of genes are also shown. Abbreviations: aa, amino acid; MW, molecular weight.

Table 3. Integral Vo subunits are encoded by multiple genes in Arabidopsis
Subunit		Accession no.		DNA	Protein			MIPS	TAIR
name(s)^a	Gene no.	Locus	(Protein)	Exons	a.a.	MW	pI
a	3
VHA-a1		At2g28520	(AAD21487)	18	817	93415	6.4	VHA-a1	VHA-a1
VHA-a2		At2g21410	(AAD23686)	18	821	93106	5.2	VHA-a2	VHA-a2
VHA-a3		At4g39080	(CAB38828)	18	821	92833	5.8	VHA-a3	VHA-a3
c	5
VHA-c1/AVA-P1 [20]		At4g34720	(CAA18851)	3	164	16572	8.6	VHA-c1	VHA-c1
VHA-c2/AVA-P2		At1g19910	(AAA99937)	3	165	16643	8.6	VHA-c2	VHA-c2
VHA-c3/AVA-P3		At4g38920	(CAB80555)	3	164	16572	8.6	VHA-c3	VHA-c3
VHA-c4/AVA-P4		At1g75630	(AAF87129)	3	166	16686	8.6	VHA-c4	VHA-c4
VHA-c5/AVA-P5		At2g16510	(AAD26493)	3	164	16572	8.6	VHA-c5	VHA-c5
c’’	2
VHA-c’’1		At4g32530	(CAB79970)	4	180	18375	7.6	VHA-c"1	VHA-c"1
VHA-c’’2		At2g25610	(AAD31363)	4	178	18219	7.6	VHA-c"2	VHA-c"2
d	2
VHA-d1		At3g28710	(BAB02186)	10	351	40792	5.0	VHA-d1	VHA-d1
VHA-d2		At3g28715	Q9LHA4	10	343	39790	5.0	VHA-d2	VHA-d2
e [ = M9.7]	2
VHA-e1		At5g55290	(BAB08598)	3	70	7726	6.5	VHA-e1	VHA-e1
VHA-e2		At4g26710	(CAB36517)	3	70	7685	6.5	VHA-e2	VHA-e2
Abbreviations: aa, amino acid; MW, molecular weight.