Multiple Choice (72 points)

1. What word best describes “science”? (A) a religion, (B) a technique, (C) a philosophy, (D) a creed
2. The higher we are on the food chain, what happens to the energy available from food; (A) nothing, its still all there, (B) energy per unit of food increases as one goes up the chain, (C) energy per unit of food actually decreases as one goes up the food chain, (D) none of the above.
3. Growth in size of a plant is primarily by: (A) mitosis, (B) uptake of nutrients, (C) increase in cell size, (D) respiration.
4. The “energy currency” of living cells is: (A) peso, (B) lire, (C) rubel, (D) ATP.
5. One of the consequences of plants being multicellular is a required system of conduction (internal transport). Which vascular tissue conducts dissolved sugars produced in photosynthesis; (A) xylem, (B) stomata, (C) phloem, (D) cortex.
6. Which vascular tissue conducts water up from the root; (A) xylem, (B) stomata, (C) phloem, (D) cortex.
7. A nucleotide: (A) is a polymer of glucose, (B) consists of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate, (C) is a small chain of amino acids., (D) is a polymer of sucrose.
8. The process that converts solar energy to organic chemical energy is called: (A) Photosynthesis, (B) Photorespiration, (C) Phototropism, (D) Photography.
9. The products of respiration are carbon dioxide, water and: (A) sugar, (B) ATP, (C) light, (D) protein.
10. In the scientific method an educated guess that is testable is known as a: (A) theory, (B) principle, (C) law, (D) hypothesis.
11. What stage in meiosis is the chromosome number actually reduced from the diploid number to the haploid number: (a) Prophase I, (B) Metaphase I, (C) Anaphase I, (D) Anaphase II.
12. The main feature of metaphase whether it be mitosis or meiosis is: (A) Alignment of chromosomes along a central plane of the cell, (B) presence of a nuclear membrane, (C) chromosome movement, (D) appearance of the chromosomes for the first time.
13. If the diploid chromosome number of corn is 20, how many chromosomes would be found in each pollen grain (gamete): (A) 20, (B) 40, (C) 10, (D) 5.
14. If a segment of nucleic acid is -C-A-T-T-A-C-, the complementary DNA strand is: (A) -C-A-T-T-A-C-, (B) -G-U-A-G-T-A-, (C) -C-A-U-C-A-U, (D) -G-T-A-A-T-G-.
15. Water is able to move through a plant because of: (A) water’s polarity (B) high osmotic pressure in the roots (C) water pumps in the roots (D) water pressure in the soil
16. The expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents is: (A) 1:2:1, (B) 1:1, (C) 3:1, (D) 9:3:3;1.
17. Two genes that control the same character and occupy the same site on two homologous chromosomes are called: (A) chromatids, (B) alleles, (C) gametes, (D) centromeres.
18. Which Nitrogen base is not present in DNA: (A) cytosine, (B) guanine, (C) uracil, (D) thymine.
19. The term that describes how an individual appears for a particular characteristic is called: (A) genotype, (B) phenotype, (C) ecotype, (D) biotype.
20. The genetic constitution of an organism that may or may not be visibly expressed is: (A) genotype, (B) phenotype, (C) ecotype, (D) biotype.
21. What is a vacuole? (A) site of protein synthesis (B) site of enzyme activity (C) area of polysaccharide synthesis (D) bag of water and dissolved material
22. Life is highly organized. Which of the following is the correct order from simple to complex ? (A) atom, organelle, macromolecule, organism, (B)cell, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ (C) molecule, tissue, cell, organelle, atom (D) Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organism
23. An enzyme is a (A) carbohydrate (B) lipid (C) protein (D) nucleic acid
24. Which RNA takes the DNA code to the ribosome? (A) transfer RNA (tRNA) (B) messenger RNA (mRNA) (C) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (D) all of these
25. The lowest level of organization that can perform all the activities of life is a (A) macromolecule (B) organelle (C) cell (D) atom
26. In the light reaction of photosynthesis, what is one thing that water molecules provide? (A) ATP (B) electrons (C) pigments (D) CO2
27. What is the purpose of guard cells? (A) reduce bacterial infection (B) regulate transpiration (C) reduce sugar loss (D) regulate photosynthesis
28. When a photosynthetic pigment absorbs a photon of light, what is released? (A) an electron (B) carbon dioxide (C) water (D) glucose
29. What is the purpose of root hairs? (A) support the plant (B) absorb water and ions (C) store starch (D) all of these
30. In a plant, the tall gene (T) is dominant over the dwarf gene (t). The offspring from a mating of two parents were three tall and one dwarf. What are the genotypes of the parents? (A) TT, tt (B) TT,TT (C) Tt, Tt (D) tt,tt
31. Synapsis in meiosis is the (A) separation of homologous chromosomes (B) separation of sister chromatids (C) separation of daughter cells (D) pairing of homologous chromosomes
32. Sugar is stored in your body as glycogen. However, you can only store a one day supply of glycogen. The excess sugar you eat is: (A) released as heat. (B) urinated out of the body. (C) stored as starch. (D) converted into fat.
33. These are important components in plasma membranes, waxes, and some hormones and pigments: (A) lipids (B) carbohydrates (C) nucleic acids (D) starch
34. A trait that expresses itself in the heterozygous condition is (A) recessive (B) phenotypically more rare (C) dominant (D) always ends in the organisms death
35. In plants, this occurs in meristems: (A) mitosis (B) fission (C) photosynthesis (D) meiosis
36. In plants, the cuticle is important in reducing excessive transpiration because it is : (A) a thin cell in the xylem (B) a non-living cell in the phloem (C) non-electrical (D) waxy

Matching (28 points)

1. transcription a. Attraction of water molecules to each other
2. heterozygous b. One half of a chromosome
3. translation c. Gene whose trait is masked by dominant allele
4. haploid d. Main storage compartment of a cell
5. mitochondria e. Making RNA from DNA
6. vacuole f. Pair of similar chromosomes
7. homozygous g. Opposite of meiosis
8. chromatid h. Unlike pair of genes at same locus
9. primary producers i. Light absorbing molecule
10. fertilization j. Making Proteins from RNA
11. recessive k. Energy factory in the cell
12. pigment l. Like pair of genes at same locus
13. cohesion m. Bottom of the food chain
14. homologous n. One set of chromosomes