5 causes of microevolution (I.e., changes in allele frequencies)

1) genetic drift - stochastic variation in inheritance

Expected F2: 9 - 3 - 3 - 1

Observed F2: 9 - 3 - 2.8 - 1.2

2) Assortative (nonrandom) mating

3) Mutation

4) Natural selection

5) Migration (gene flow)

31a-2

Random deviation

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