OUTLINE OF THE COURSE
Introduction: Course philosophy
Plan, expectations, concerns
Membrane structure: time-averaged Intro on lipids
Membranes
do not stretch: cell
swelling cell
scanning EM
Membrane curvature: ceramide-induced budding
What
drives self-assembly? Cooperative behavior: critical micellar concentration
Phospholipid phases: phase transitions
Why dynamic motion? What motions
take place?
Lateral motion: measurement,
rates: aquaporin
single particle tracking lateral diffusion
movies
Lateral
phase separation in liposomes: paper1 paper2
Flourescence recovery after photobleaching
(FRAP) you tube movie
Visualization using molecular simulation: membrane simulations
Stability of structure of
membrane components: energy level, hydropathy scales
hydropathy scales paper VDAC images
What determines spacing between
phospholipids? What determines membrane thickness?
Transient
binding of proteins to membranes...quantitative understanding
Transmembrane potentials
Surface charge...surface potentials...local pH...local pressure
Gouy-Chapman theory
Permeation
Diffusion experimental
results
Membrane
Potentials
Barriers to
permeation....building small compartments
Solubility-diffusion vs.
molecular sieving permeability
data
The influence of charge: why are larger
structures more permeable through membranes? Born
Dipole
Potential
Flux Equations energetics
Equilibrium situations:
electrostatic, osmotic
Origins of membrane potentials
Mechanisms of enhanced permeation
membrane
transport
Carrier-based Translocation
Fundamental processes: symport, antiport, uniport mitochondrial
transport
Energy transduction using
carriers: energy conservation, energy distribution, efficiency vs. rate of
output
Glusose transport systems review
of glucose transport glucose transport
Structure and function of ATP/ADP translocator (antiport)
Ion pumps
The
smallest, most abundant motor on the planet. H+-ATPase
ATP
synthase
Fo mechanism ATP synthase PDB site
Achieving
energy transduction between ion gradients and ATP
Movies: 12345
YouTube movie YouTube movie YouTube movie YouTube movie
Rotation movies
F-type Na+-ATPase ATP synthase structures
Atomic force
microscopy of ATPase dynamics
Baterial flagellum...an ion-driven motor model
Light-coupled proton
pumping bacteriorhodopsin bacteriorhodopsin mechanism red lakes
proton conduction
YouTube movie YouTube movie YouTube movie
Harvesting
energy from light by charge separation photochemical
reaction center photosystem II YouTube
movie
Redox-driven proton pumping: citric
acid cycle electron
transport chain redox potential
electron transport chain electron transport chain oxidative
phosphorylation
cytochrome oxidase mechanism
complex
I complex I
complex
I power point complex III (b-c1 complex)
Ca-ATPase mechanism
figures:123
Coupled flow: fig1 fig2 paper get page 1897
Channels
simple overview 12 compendium
of ion channels
Experimental measurements
Formation by toxins: agents for
chemical warfare among micro-organisms gramicidin
gramicidin simulation
Known structures: complex
machines with subtle beauty maltoporin maltoporin movie MscL KcsA KcsA-Roux channels etc.
Gating processes: detecting and responding to environmental stimuli
models of gating
(from Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes by Hille)
Analysis
of voltage gating theory I/V
plots
Force felt by the protein; gating current
Voltage gated channels
Power point
presentations: blocking and selectivity
VDAC Na+-K+-Ca++
channels Hodgkin/Huxley action potential simulation
Experimental
approaches to channel gating: Biotin/Avidin
Ion
Selectivity … an extreme example PorA/C1
Achieving
high flow and high selectivity: well-designed channels are far more than just
holes
Access
resistance: getting there can be half the battle
Complex membrane
phenomena
oxidative phosphorylation chemiosmotic coupling
action potential generation...Hodgkin-Huxley model equations
Background
Insight
into the humanity behind the science
Nobel Prize 1988
photosynthetic reaction center
Nobel Prize 1997
proton ATPase
Nobel
Prize 2003: potassium channel aquaporin