DISCLAIMER:  This examination is meant for practice.  It is intended to provide you with some measure of how well you understand the material for Examination II.  It may not include questions on all subjects.  I think the answer key is correct, but alternate interpretations may be possible.  Please be sure to run all questions or explanations by Dr. Higgins before or after class.
 

#1
         Just to get us rolling along with some easy points (and expected questions!),
         predict the effects of each of the following agents (or of only the agonist if
         given after an antagonist!) with I for INCREASE, D for DECREASE, and NC
         for NO CHANGE.
 
 

AGENT	HR	TPR	SV	CO	DP	BPave
phentolamine	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____
Muscarine	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____
Atropine +  Nicotine (High dose)	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____
Propranolol + NE	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____
Phentolamine + NE	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____
H2 agonist	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____
Nicotine (low dose)	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____	_____

The BP tracings for some of the above may be found in the figures located elsewhere on the Web site ( see BP tracings)
 

#2.
         Consider an individual (i.e., your lab partner) who has been accidentally jabbed
         with a syringe containing ACh.

a.     Please draw the expected response in his/her BP tracing below:  (Be accurate &
        complete; do not include the homeostatic response.)

Please see the BP response to ACh found elsewhere on the Web site.

b     In FEWER THAN 10 WORDS , explain the effects of the ACh's actions on each of
       the cardiovascular factors listed below (i.e., tell us WHY you see the effect you predict):

HR:

SV:

DP:

PP:

CO:

Capillary filtration & reabsorption:

Baroreceptor sensory nerve:

Pressor Area:

Depressor Area:

Vagus afferent nerve:

Vagus efferent nerve:

Sympathetic NS output:

Interval between P waves of ECG:

End Diastolic Volume:
 

3.    In the BP experiments in the lab, you noticed an effect on BP when you injected lactic acid i.v. into the rat.  What was this change and why did it occur?
 
 

4.    Draw or diagram the feedback cycle for the decline of cardiovascular function following the formation of a myocardial infarct:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5.    During exercise, a highly trained athlete may actually decrease her TPR while increasing her CO by 2 or 3 fold.  How does this happen???
 
 

6.    Describe the ionic events occuring during an action potential in the SA node of the heart.  Describe the actions of ACh and NE on the ionic channels and events in the SA node.
 
 

7.    As promised, a few UP/DOWNS!!  Please use D, I, or NC.
 

a.	As [Epi] increases, the SA node's Na+ conductance	________
b.	As digitalis is administered to a subject, her TPR will	________
c.	As renal blood flow decreases, renal artery diameter will	________
d.	As an individual ages, venous blood vessel compliance	________
e.	As blood vessel compliance decreases, diastolic BP	________
f.	Immediately after the T wave of the ECG, ventricular pressure	________
g.	As plasma [CO2] increases, vagal afferent nerve activity	________
h.	As cardiac EDV decreases, SV will	________
i.	Immediately after the P wave of the ECG, ventricular pressure	________
j.	Immediately after the QRS complex, the mitral valve is	________
k.	As pressor area activity decreases, venous return	________
l.	As plasma [beta 2 agonist], red blood cell [2,3-DPG]	________