Territorial cheating
Selection for alternative mating strategies if territories are very limited
- noncalling male frogs that intercept females
- streaking spawners in fish
- Non-harem-holding deer
Individuals using alternative strategies avoid territorial signals or mimic non-territory holding sex.
- Bluegill sunfish (large territorial males, small sneakers)
- Ruff plumage polymorphisms
Stategies can be
- Condition dependent (Bluegill sunfish)
- Genetic polymorphoisms (Ruffs)