Month	Date	Topic	Meeting	Reading / Assignment
Jan	26	Snow day
	28	Introduction - Bat diversity	Lecture	A: 1-4, 25-48
Feb	2	Evolution	Lecture	A: 5-25
	4	Flying primates?	Discussion	Pettigrew
	9	Echolocation - production	Guest Lecture	A: 79-100
	11	Field trip to Smithsonian	Museum visit
	16	Basic bioacoustics	Lecture	A: 79-100 / Field trip report due
	18	What is it like to be a bat?	Discussion	Nagel
	23	Echolocation - hearing	Lecture	A: 101-113/ Species account due
	25	Nanosecond time resolution	Discussion	Simmons
March	1	Flight	Lecture	A: 49-76
	3	Evolution of flight	Discussion	Speakman
	8	Energetics and hibernation	Lecture	A: 115-132; 194-197
	10	Torpor and sleep	Discussion	Kortner
	15	Life history and longevity	Lecture	A:133-147 / Biography due
	17	Senescence	Discussion	Kirkwood
	29	Mating systems	Lecture	A:147-169
	31	Sperm competition	Discussion	Hosken
April	5	Communication	Lecture	A:169-194
	7	Communication	Discussion	Pfalzer
	12	Ecology	Lecture	A:199-215
	14	Diversity	Discussion	Stevens
	19	Coevolution	Lecture	A: 216-229
	21	Predator/prey, host/parasites	Discussion	Miller
	26	Conservation and human health	Lecture	A: 231-233
	28	Rabies and conservation	Discussion	Messenger / Mythology report due
May	3	Mythology	Presentations
	5	Mythology	Presentations
	10	Mythology	Presentations	Field trip

A: refers to Altringham, J.D. 1998 Bats: Biology and Behavior. Oxford University Press

Discussion Readings

Month	Date	Article
Feb	4	Pettigrew, J. D. 1986. Flying Primates - Megabats Have the Advanced Pathway from Eye to Midbrain. Science 231:1304-1306.
		Hutcheon, J. M., J. A. W. Kirsch, and J. D. Pettigrew. 1998. Base-compositional biases and the bat problem. III. The question of microchiropteran monophyly. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 353:607-617.
		Springer, M. S., E. C. Teeling, O. Madsen, M. J. Stanhope, and W. W. de Jong. 2001. Integrated fossil and molecular data reconstruct bat echolocation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98:6241-6246.
		Van Den Bussche, R. A., R. J. Baker, J. P. Huelsenbeck, and D. M. Hillis. 1998. Base compositional bias and phylogenetic analyses: A test of the "flying DNA" hypothesis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 10:408-416.
		Teeling, E. C., O. Madsen, R. A. Van den Bussche, W. W. de Jong, M. J. Stanhope, and M. S. Springer. 2002. Microbat paraphyly and the convergent evolution of a key innovation in Old World rhinolophoid microbats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99:1431-1436.
	18	Nagel, T. 1974. What Is It Like to Be a Bat. Philosophical Review 83:435-450.
		Horst, S. 2002. Evolutionary explanation and consciousness. Journal of Psychology and Theology 30:41-50
		Waters, D. and Abulula, H. 2001 The virtual bat: echolocation in virtual reality. Proceedings of the 2001 Int. Conference on Auditory Display, Espoo, Finland
	25	Simmons, J.A. 1979. Perception of echo phase information in bat sonar. Science 204:1336-1338.
		Breedholm, K., and B. Mohl. 1998. Bat sonar: an alternative interpretation of the 10-ns jitter result. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 182:259-266.
		Matell, M. S., and W. H. Meck. 2000. Neuropsychological mechanisms of interval timing behavior. Bioessays 22:94-103.
		Pollak, G. D. 1993. Some Comments on the Proposed Perception of Phase and Nanosecond Time Disparities by Echolocating Bats. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 172:523-531.
		Simmons JA, Ferragamo MJ, Moss CF (1998) Echo-delay resolution in sonar images of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:12647ñ12652.
		Simmons, J. A. 1993. Evidence for Perception of Fine Echo Delay and Phase by the Fm Bat, Eptesicus fuscus. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 172:533-547.
		Simmons, J. A., M. J. Ferragamo, and M. I. Sanderson. 2003. Echo delay versus spectral cues for temporal hyperacuity in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 189:693-702.
March	3	Speakman, J. R. 2001. The evolution of flight and echolocation in bats: another leap in the dark. Mammal Review 31:111-130.
		Fenton, M. B., D. Audet, M. K. Obrist, and J. Rydell. 1995. Signal Strength, Timing, and Self-Deafening - the Evolution of Echolocation in Bats. Paleobiology 21:229-242.
		Thewissen, J. G. M., and S. K. Babcock. 1992. The Origin of Flight in Bats - to Go Where No Mammal Has Gone Before. Bioscience 42:340-345.
		Schnitzler, H. U., C. F. Moss, and A. Denzinger. 2003. From spatial orientation to food acquisition in echolocating bats. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18:386-394.
	10	Kortner, G. and F. Geiser 2000 The temporal organization of daily torpor and hibernation: circadian and circannual rhythms. Chronobiology International 17:103-128.
		Park, K. J., G. Jones, and R. D. Ransome. 2000. Torpor, arousal and activity of hibernating Greater Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Functional Ecology 14:580-588.
		Geiser, F. and R.M. Brigham 2000 Torpor, thermal biology and energetics in Australian long-eared bats (Nyctophilus) J. Comp. Phyiol. B 170:153-162.
	17	Kirkwood, T.B.L. and Austad, S.N. 2000 Why do we age? Nature 408:233-238.
		Perez-Campo, R., M. Lopez-Torres, S. Cadenas, C. Rojas and G. Barja 1998 The rate of free radical production as a determinant of the rate of aging: evidence from the comparative approach. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 168:149-158.
		Brunet-Rossinni AK 2004. Reduced free-radical production and extreme longevity in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) versus two non-flying mammals. Mechanisms of Aging and Development 125: 11-20.
	31	Hosken, D. J., K. E. Jones, K. Chipperfield, and A. Dixson. 2001. Is the bat os penis sexually selected? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 50:450-460.
		Wigby S, Chapman T 2004. Sperm competition. Current Biology 14: R100-R103.
		Wilkinson, G.S. and McCracken, G.F. 2003 Bats and balls: Sexual selection and sperm competition in the Chiroptera. In: Bat Ecology (T.H. Kunz and M. B. Fenton, eds.) pp. 128-155. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
April	7	Pfalzer G, Kusch J 2003 Structure and variability of bat social calls: implications for specificity and individual recognition. Journal of Zoology 261: 21-33.
		Barlow, K.E. and Jones, G. 1997 Function of pipistrelle social calls: field data and a playback experiment. Animal Behaviour 53: 991-999
		Wilkinson, G.S. and Boughman, J. W. 1998 Vocal communication and coordinated foraging by greater spear-nosed bats. Animal Behaviour 55:337-350
	14	Stevens, R. D., S. B. Cox, R. E. Strauss, and M. R. Willig. 2003. Patterns of functional diversity across an extensive environmental gradient: vertebrate consumers, hidden treatments and latitudinal trends. Ecology Letters 6:1099-1108.
		Aguirre LF, Herrel A, van Damme R, et al. 2002 Ecomorphological analysis of trophic niche partitioning in a tropical savannah bat community. P ROY SOC LOND B BIO 269: 1271-1278.
		Giannini NP, Kalko EKV 2004 Trophic structure in a large assemblage of phyllostomid bats in Panama. OIKOS 105: 209-220.
	21	Miller LA, Surlykke A 2001 How some insects detect and avoid being eaten by bats: Tactics and countertactics of prey and predator. BIOSCIENCE 51: 570-581.
		Giorgi MS, Arlettaz R, Guillaume F, Nussle S, Ossola C, Vogel P, Christe P. 2004 Causal mechanisms underlying host specificity in bat ectoparasites. OECOLOGIA 138: 648-654.
		Patterson BD, Ballard JWO, Wenzel RL 1998 Distributional evidence for cospeciation between neotropical bats and their bat fly ectoparasites. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 33: 76-84
		Mori, S.A. 2002 Bat/Plant Interactions in the Neotropics. The New York Botanical Garden
	28	Messenger, S. L., J. S. Smith, L. A. Orciari, P. A. Yager, and C. E. Rupprecht. 2003. Emerging pattern of rabies deaths and increased viral infectivity. Emerging Infectious Diseases 9:151-154.
		Krebs, J.W., Smith, J.S., Rupprecht, C.E. and J.E. Childs 2000 Mammalian reservoirs and epidemiology of rabies diagnosed in human beings in the United States, 1981-1998. Ann. NY Acad Sci 916:345-354.
		Mickleburgh, S.P., A.M. Hutson, P.A. Racey 2002 A review of the global conservation status of bats. Oryx 36:18-34.