Fig. 15. Dextran sulfate (8 kDa) increases the voltage dependence of VDAC. The conductance of VDAC reconstituted into planar membranes (as in Fig. 1except that the medium consisted of 1 M LiCl, 5 mM CaCl2) declines with increasing voltage in the absence (x) and in the presence of dextran sulfate (6.25 m M ( ); 25 mM (+)). Reproduced with permission from Mangan and Colombini (1987).